Apollo 8 was the triumphant Christmas Eve flight of the Apollo capsule, with crew members Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and Bill Anders. When an automatic shutoff attempted to close the liquid hydrogen valve and shut down engine two, it had accidentally shut down engine three's liquid oxygen due to a miswired connection. Apollo 8's historic mission has been depicted and referred to in several forms, both documentary and fiction. Apollo 6 had suffered several major problems during its April 1968 flight, including severe pogo oscillation during its first stage, two second-stage engine failures, and a third stage that failed to reignite in orbit. [21][24], The capsule communicator (CAPCOM) was an astronaut at the Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas, who was the only person who communicated directly with the flight crew. [117] The S-IVB stage of Apollo 8 was also portrayed as the location of an alien device in the 1970 UFO episode "Conflict". [47] The S-IC first stage landed in the Atlantic Ocean at 30°12′N 74°7′W / 30.200°N 74.117°W / 30.200; -74.117 (Apollo 8 S-IC impact), and the S-II second stage landed at 31°50′N 37°17′W / 31.833°N 37.283°W / 31.833; -37.283 (Apollo 8 S-II impact). The net result was that only the "D" mission had to be delayed, and the plan for lunar landing in mid-1969 could remain on timeline. [20][21] This was also the first mission to reunite crewmates from a previous mission (Lovell and Borman, Gemini VII). [32] George Low, the Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office, proposed a solution in August 1968 to keep the program on track despite the LM delay. [42] Testing continued all through December until the day before launch, including various levels of readiness testing from December 5 through 11. Hey, don’t take that, it’s not scheduled. Reconnaissance for subsequent Apollo landings was a key task for the mission. Apollo 8 Man Around the Moon. A Saturn stage IC was equipped with shock-absorbing devices to demonstrate the team's solution to the problem of pogo oscillation, while a Saturn Stage II was retrofitted with modified fuel lines to demonstrate their resistance to leaks and ruptures in vacuum conditions. "[92], One of the most famous aspects of the flight was the Earthrise picture that the crew took as they came around for their fourth orbit of the Moon. [46], The standard lunar orbit for Apollo missions was planned as a nominal 60-nautical-mile (110 km) circular orbit above the Moon's surface. First crewed flight to the Moon It was therefore intolerable to him for the Soviet Union to be more advanced in the field of space exploration. Apollo 8 was planned as the "D" mission, a test of the LM in a low Earth orbit in December 1968 by James McDivitt, David Scott, and Russell Schweickart, while Borman's crew would fly the "E" mission, a more rigorous LM test in an elliptical medium Earth orbit as Apollo 9, in early 1969. The crew orbited the Moon ten times over the course of twenty hours, during which they made a Christmas Eve television broadcast in which they read the first ten verses from the Book of Genesis. Two later planned mid-course corrections were canceled because the Apollo 8 trajectory was found to be perfect. [69], Throughout the hour that the spacecraft was in contact with Earth, Borman kept asking how the data for the SPS looked. Armstrong would later command Apollo 11, with Aldrin as LMP and Collins as CMP. At exactly 61 hours after launch, about 24,200 miles (38,900 km) from the Moon, the crew burned the RCS for 11 seconds. [60] Space adaptation syndrome had not occurred on previous spacecraft (Mercury and Gemini), because those astronauts could not move freely in the small cabins of those spacecraft. [93] The mission was the most widely covered by the media since the first American orbital flight, Mercury-Atlas 6 by John Glenn, in 1962. After making sure the spacecraft was working, they finally had a chance to look at the Moon, which they would orbit for the next 20 hours. The TEI was the most critical burn of the flight, as any failure of the SPS to ignite would strand the crew in lunar orbit, with little hope of escape. ", "NASA Releases New High-Res Earthrise Image", "Day 4: Final Orbit and Trans-Earth Injection", "Superbowl 3 Anthem - with Apollo 8 with Pledge - YouTube", "Apollo 8 astronaut marks 1968 Christmastime broadcast to Earth (12 photos)", "Review: Public Service Broadcasting, 'The Race For Space, "The Apollo Spacecraft—A Chronology. This was then circularized at 60.7 nautical miles (112.4 km) by 59.7 nautical miles (110.6 km), with an orbital period of 128.7 minutes. It shows a red figure 8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission. The only person who needed some convincing was James E. Webb, the NASA administrator. [67], On Earth, Mission Control continued to wait. [31] Indeed, it was possible that delivery would slip to February or March 1969. Following the original seven-step plan would have meant delaying the "D" and subsequent missions, and endangering the program's goal of a lunar landing before the end of 1969. [47], Apollo 8 achieved a maximum distance from Earth of 203,752 nautical miles (234,474 statute miles; 377,349 kilometers). [30], Production of the LM fell behind schedule, and when Apollo 8's LM-3 arrived at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in June 1968, more than a hundred significant defects were discovered, leading Bob Gilruth, the director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), and others to conclude that there was no prospect of LM-3 being ready to fly in 1968. They had been flying over the unlit side, and it was Lovell who saw the first shafts of sunlight obliquely illuminating the lunar surface. All three crewmembers – Wally Schirra, Walt Cunningham and Donn Eisele – developed bad head colds during the mission. This time, the crew rigged up filters meant for the still cameras so they could acquire images of the Earth through the telephoto lens. [65], With ten minutes remaining before LOI-1, the crew began one last check of the spacecraft systems and made sure that every switch was in its correct position. Earthrise. In the event of computer failure, Borman was ready to take over. Without assurances that these problems had been rectified, NASA administrators could not justify risking a crewed mission until additional uncrewed test flights proved the Saturn V was ready. A short while later, Anders also went to sleep after taking a sleeping pill. The crew had to use the small RCS thrusters to make up the shortfall. The "F" Mission would test the CSM and LM in lunar orbit, and the "G" mission would be the finale, the Moon landing. Despite the discomfort, the astronauts completed their mission … Borman and fellow crewmates Jim Lovell and Bill Anders became the first humans ever to orbit a world beyond Earth. When Leto was pregnant, Hera was furious with Zeus' unfaithfulness and forbade the Titan from giving birth on either the islands or mainlands. The LOI burn was only two minutes away, so the crew had little time to appreciate the view. To record the actual radiation dosages, each crew member wore a Personal Radiation Dosimeter that transmitted data to Earth, as well as three passive film dosimeters that showed the cumulative radiation experienced by the crew. [50] Over the next five minutes, the spacecraft's speed increased from 7,600 to 10,800 meters per second (25,000 to 35,000 ft/s). Testing on the ground had shown that the service propulsion system (SPS) engine had a small chance of exploding when burned for long periods unless its combustion chamber was "coated" first by burning the engine for a short period. Each man on board read a section from the Biblical creation story from the Book of Genesis. Go to bed! [28], The crew wanted to name their spacecraft, but NASA did not allow it. [63] The crew was unable to see the Moon for much of the outward cruise. [18][n 3] Collins was replaced by Jim Lovell in July 1968, after suffering a cervical disc herniation that required surgery to repair. At that time, they finally got their first glimpses of the Moon. Further missions depended on the readiness of the LM. Scientists predicted that passing through the belts quickly at the spacecraft's high speed would cause a radiation dosage of no more than a chest X-ray, or 1 milligray (mGy; during a year, the average human receives a dose of 2 to 3 mGy). [114] Other documentaries include "Race to the Moon" (2005) as part of season 18 of American Experience[115] and In the Shadow of the Moon (2007). These temperatures could cause the heat shield to crack and propellant lines to burst. [15], An early and crucial decision was the adoption of lunar orbit rendezvous, under which a specialized spacecraft would land on the lunar surface. However, he accidentally erased some of the computer's memory, which caused the inertial measurement unit (IMU) to contain data indicating that the module was in the same relative orientation it had been in before lift-off; the IMU then fired the thrusters to "correct" the module's attitude. The stamp featured a detail of the famous photograph of the Earthrise over the Moon taken by Anders on Christmas Eve, and the words, "In the beginning God ...", the first words of the book of Genesis. [95], Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins said, "Eight's momentous historic significance was foremost";[96] while space historian Robert K. Poole saw Apollo 8 as the most historically significant of all the Apollo missions. Apollo 8 (December 21—27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, and also the first human spaceflight to reach another astronomical object, namely the Moon, which the crew orbited without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. Because it was impossible to get a perfect roll, the spacecraft swept out a cone as it rotated. This maneuver had to be performed perfectly, and due to orbital mechanics had to be on the far side of the Moon, out of contact with the Earth. They then flew to the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, where they met with KSC Director Kurt Debus, Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips, Rocco Petrone, and Wernher von Braun. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit the moon. The various television transmissions and 16 mm footage shot by the crew of Apollo 8 were compiled and released by NASA in the 1969 documentary Debrief: Apollo 8, hosted by Burgess Meredith. John F. Kennedy: “We choose to go to the … Researchers quickly determined that a leaking hydrogen fuel line ruptured when exposed to vacuum, causing a loss of fuel pressure in engine two. Backed by the full support of his agency, Webb authorized the mission. The Apollo vehicle and the CSM performed superbly. O'Hair wanted the courts to ban American astronauts—who were all government employees—from public prayer in space. Apollo lunar missions would begin with a nominal 100-nautical-mile (185.2 km) circular Earth parking orbit. Apollo 8's successful mission paved the way for Apollo 11 to fulfill U.S. president John F. Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the 1960s. [98] The Apollo 8 broadcasts won an Emmy Award, the highest honor given by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. [12] The launch precipitated the Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race. M-932-68-08", "Astronauts look back 30 years after historic lunar launch", "Saturn S-IVB-503N—Satellite Information", "Radiation Protection and Instrumentation", "The Effects of Long-Duration Space Flight on Eye, Head, and Trunk Coordination During Locomotion", "Day 3: The Black Team—Approaching the Moon", "The 'Other' Lunar Orbiter 1 Earthrise Image", "Who Took the Legendary Earthrise Photo From Apollo 8? The effect of Apollo 8 was summed up in a telegram from a stranger, received by Borman after the mission, that stated simply, "Thank you Apollo 8. Das Bild selbst entstand drei Tage später an Heilig Abend. [82] This time, they gave a tour of the spacecraft, showing how an astronaut lived in space. A fellow parishioner and engineer at Mission Control, Rod Rose, suggested that Borman read the prayer, which could be recorded and then replayed during the service. Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968, and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program after Apollo 7, which stayed in Earth orbit. Borman introduced the crew, followed by each man giving his impression of the lunar surface and what it was like to be orbiting the Moon. For certain photographs of the lunar surface, a 60-millimeter lens with a reseau was used. [75] Then, after talking about what they were flying over, Anders said that the crew had a message for all those on Earth. [48] The S-IVB third stage injected the craft into Earth orbit and remained attached to perform the TLI burn that would put the spacecraft on a trajectory to the Moon. The next day, the Lindberghs watched the launch of Apollo 8 from a nearby dune. Most Americans Did Not Like Spending Billions On Apollo. Vol. This unexpected success stoked fears and imaginations around the world. The S-IVB, with the test article attached, posed no further hazard to Apollo 8, passing the orbit of the Moon and going into a 0.99-by-0.92-astronomical-unit (148 by 138 Gm) solar orbit with an inclination of 23.47° from the plane of the ecliptic, and an orbital period of 340.80 days. The crew had been awake for more than 16 hours. It encountered a major setback in 1967 when an Apollo 1 cabin fire killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. [55], By seven hours into the mission, the crew was about 1 hour and 40 minutes behind flight plan because of the problems in moving away from the S-IVB and Lovell's obscured star sightings. Without any gravitational pull clearing … [59] Researchers now believe that he was suffering from space adaptation syndrome, which affects about a third of astronauts during their first day in space as their vestibular system adapts to weightlessness. Cameras and Accessories The onboard cameras for the Apollo 8 mission were modified Hasselblad 500 EL cameras, with 80-millimeter and 250-millimeter Zeiss panacolor lenses. With few exceptions, the other systems in the spacecraft operated as they should. For the next two orbits, Anders and Lovell slept while Borman sat at the helm. Houston, Apollo 8. It was the first time humans had ever gone beyond low Earth orbit 2. [70][72], Due to the synchronous rotation of the Moon about the Earth, Earthrise is not generally visible from the lunar surface. Two factors made the Moon almost impossible to see from inside the spacecraft: three of the five windows fogging up due to out-gassed oils from the silicone sealant, and the attitude required for passive thermal control. Buzz Aldrin, on Apollo 11, self-communicated Presbyterian Communion on the surface of the Moon after landing; he refrained from mentioning this publicly for several years and referred to it only obliquely at the time. Part 3 (1969 3rd quarter)", "The Essence of the Human Spirit: Apollo 8", American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, "Apollo 07 and 08 16mm Onboard Film (1968)", Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo_8&oldid=1018623407, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, SC/LM Adapter (connects LTA to CSM): 1,840 kilograms (4,060 lb), Missions are ordered by launch date. Although difficult to aim, as they had to maneuver the entire spacecraft, the crew was able to broadcast back to Earth the first television pictures of the Earth. The Apollo 8 astronauts returned to Earth on December 27, 1968, when their spacecraft splashed down in the northern Pacific Ocean. [102], In 1969, the United States Post Office Department issued a postage stamp (Scott catalogue #1371) commemorating the Apollo 8 flight around the Moon. Apollo 8 is going to go to the Moon, we’re going to do those things assigned to us, and we’re going to go with your help.” But I didn’t do that. The mission accomplished several amazing feats: 1. Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, and also the first human spaceflight to reach another astronomical object, namely the Moon, which the crew orbited without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. It was the first time humans had ever seen the Earth as a whole planet, as well as seen an “Earthrise” (see the article picture … Apollo 8 was the second crewed mission of the Apollo program and the first mission to bring humans to the moon. Additionally, without proper filters, the Earth image became saturated by any bright source. The directors for Apollo 8 were Clifford E. Charlesworth (Green team), Glynn Lunney (Black team), and Milton Windler (Maroon team). The mission objectives for Apollo 8 included a coordinated performance of the crew, the command and service module, or CSM, and the support facilities. Apollo 8 was the first spacecraft to take humans as far as the moon, the spacecraft swinging around the moon and returning to earth in December 1968. The increased cabin space in the Apollo command module afforded astronauts greater freedom of movement, contributing to symptoms of space sickness for Borman and, later, astronaut Rusty Schweickart during Apollo 9. The spacecraft telemetry was reacquired as it re-emerged from behind the Moon at 89 hours, 28 minutes, and 39 seconds, the exact time calculated. The craters are all rounded off. The crew then rotated the spacecraft to take photographs of the spent stage and then practiced flying in formation with it. In the end, all the crew could show the people watching back on Earth was a bright blob. [56], About an hour after starting his sleep shift, Borman obtained permission from ground control to take a Seconal sleeping pill. [23] For Apollo 8, the support crew consisted of Ken Mattingly, Vance Brand, and Gerald Carr. [66], The SPS was ignited at 69 hours, 8 minutes, and 16 seconds after launch and burned for 4 minutes and 7 seconds, placing the Apollo 8 spacecraft in orbit around the Moon. A system that used helium gas to absorb some of these vibrations was installed. A film camera had been set up in one of the spacecraft windows to record one frame per second of the Moon below. I’m not kidding you, get to bed! Borman eventually fell asleep, and then awoke feeling ill. Lovell went to sleep 32 and a half hours into the flight—3 and a half hours before he had planned to. On the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 8 launch, it’s important to remember what this mission gave us. [86] Six minutes before they hit the top of the atmosphere, the crew saw the Moon rising above the Earth's horizon, just as had been calculated by the trajectory specialists. A Beginning It was Christmas time, 1968, when man broke his bonds to Earth. Fortunately, the floating Isle of Delos gave sanctuary to Leto, and through the help of all the goddesses, who begged Hera to allow Eileithyia (who's also her daughter) the goddess of childbirth, to come to Leto, she finally gave birth to the goddess Artemis and, nine days later, Apollo. Februar 2008 in. On the bottom of the 8 are the names of the three astronauts. [47], On Christmas afternoon, the crew made their fifth television broadcast. The crew placed the spacecraft into Passive Thermal Control (PTC), also called "barbecue roll", in which the spacecraft rotated about once per hour around its long axis to ensure even heat distribution across the surface of the spacecraft. The initial crew assignment of Frank Borman as Commander, Michael Collins as Command Module Pilot (CMP) and William Anders as Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) for the third crewed Apollo flight was officially announced on November 20, 1967. The support crew developed procedures in the simulators, especially those for emergency situations, so that the prime and backup crews could practice and master them in their simulator training. A four-da… Die drei Astronauten Frank Borman, William Anders und James "Jim" Lovell waren die ersten Menschen, die mit eigenen Augen die Rückseite des Mondes sahen. The astronauts landed the Lunar Module within walking distance of the Surveyor III spacecraft which had landed on the Moon in April of 1967. Background . [97] It is estimated that a quarter of the people alive at the time saw—either live or delayed—the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon. Further investigation revealed the same problem for the third-stage engine—a faulty igniter line. [64], Apollo 8 made a second television broadcast at 55 hours into the flight. As they were buffeted by a 10-foot (3.0 m) swell, Borman was sick, waiting for the three flotation balloons to right the spacecraft. Did anyone get ill in space? As long as the trajectory specialists had calculated everything correctly, the spacecraft would reenter Earth's atmosphere two-and-a-half days after TEI and splash down in the Pacific. [93] This was the first time that humans had taken such a picture while actually behind the camera, and it has been credited as one of the inspirations of the first Earth Day in 1970. Please be informed there is a Santa Claus. The crew described the burn as being the longest four minutes of their lives. He vomited twice and had a bout of diarrhea; this left the spacecraft full of small globules of vomit and feces, which the crew cleaned up as well as they could. The spacecraft splashdown position was officially reported as 8°8′N 165°1′W / 8.133°N 165.017°W / 8.133; -165.017 (Apollo 8 estimated splashdown) in the North Pacific Ocean, southwest of Hawaii at 15:51:42 UTC on December 27, 1968. [70] NASA's Lunar Orbiter 1 had taken the first picture of an Earthrise from the vicinity of the Moon, on August 23, 1966. What happened? It was not until the crew had gone behind the Moon that they would be able to see it for the first time. [21][24], The mission control teams rotated in three shifts, each led by a flight director. Anders described the craters that they were passing over. [13], President John F. Kennedy believed that not only was it in the national interest of the United States to be superior to other nations, but that the perception of American power was at least as important as the actuality. The backup crew assignment of Neil Armstrong as Commander, Lovell as CMP, and Buzz Aldrin as LMP for the third crewed Apollo flight was officially announced at the same time as the prime crew. Dezember 1968 um 7:51:00 … The walls of the crater are terraced, about six or seven different terraces on the way down. Anders initially protested, saying that he was fine, but Borman would not be swayed. [37] There was speculation within NASA and the press that they might be preparing to launch cosmonauts on a similar circumlunar mission before the end of 1968. On Christmas Eve, December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 read from the Book of Genesis as they orbited the Moon. After Mission Control was polled for a "go/no go" decision, the crew was told at 68 hours that they were Go and "riding the best bird we can find". In other words, the effect of the Moon's gravitational force on Apollo 8 became stronger than that of the Earth. During that crisis, he used a procedure from his Apollo 8 training—one that was absent from the Apollo 13 flight manuals—to save that mission. [68], As they reappeared for their second pass in front of the Moon, the crew set up equipment to broadcast a view of the lunar surface. [99], Madalyn Murray O'Hair, an atheist, later caused controversy by bringing a lawsuit against NASA over the reading from Genesis. In direct sunlight, parts of the spacecraft's outer surface could be heated to over 200 °C (392 °F), while the parts in shadow would be −100 °C (−148 °F). Many of them look like—especially the round ones—look like hit by meteorites or projectiles of some sort. As of 2021, all three Apollo 8 astronauts remain alive. The S-IVB engine ignited on time and performed the TLI burn perfectly. [90] Even though the year saw political assassinations, political unrest in the streets of Europe and America, and the Prague Spring, Time magazine chose the crew of Apollo 8 as its Men of the Year for 1968, recognizing them as the people who most influenced events in the preceding year. The crew had to make minor adjustments every half hour as the cone pattern got larger and larger. [83], Another Slayton surprise was a gift of three miniature bottles of brandy, which Borman ordered the crew to leave alone until after they landed. [1][2][3] These three astronauts—Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders—were the first humans to witness and photograph an Earthrise. Slayton then decided to swap the prime and backup crews of the D and E missions. When it was erected in the Vehicle Assembly Building on December 20, 1967, it was thought that the rocket would be used for an uncrewed Earth-orbit test flight carrying a boilerplate command and service module. No, get to bed! Originally planned as the second crewed Apollo Lunar Module and command module test, to be flown in an elliptical medium Earth orbit in early 1969, the mission profile was changed in August 1968 to a more ambitious command-module-only lunar orbital flight to be flown in December, as the lunar module was not yet ready to make its first flight. [104][105][n 4], In January 1970, the spacecraft was delivered to Osaka, Japan, for display in the U.S. pavilion at Expo '70. Both the USA and the USSR strove to do this. [71] Anders saw the Earth emerging from behind the lunar horizon and called in excitement to the others, taking a black-and-white photograph as he did so. [85] After two uneventful days, the crew prepared for reentry. However, difficulties aiming the narrow-angle lens without the aid of a monitor to show what it was looking at made showing the Earth impossible. [51] Collins was the first CAPCOM on duty, and at 2 hours, 27 minutes and 22 seconds after launch he radioed, "Apollo 8. He wanted to make sure that the engine was working and could be used to return early to the Earth if necessary. He was also called Lyceius, presumably because he protected the flocks from wolves (lykoi); because herdsmen and shepherds beguiled the hours with music, scholars have argued that this was Apollo’s original role. Exactly at the calculated moment, however, the signal was received from the spacecraft, indicating it was in a 193.3-by-69.5-mile (311.1 by 111.8 km) orbit around the Moon.[67]. Anders finally agreed under the condition that Borman would set up the camera to continue to take automatic pictures of the Moon. [113] In addition, Spacecraft Films released, in 2003, a three-disc DVD set containing all of NASA's TV and 16 mm film footage related to the mission, including all TV transmissions from space, training and launch footage, and motion pictures taken in flight. [50], After the S-IVB had placed the mission on course for the Moon, the command and service modules (CSM), the remaining Apollo 8 spacecraft, separated from it. The Apollo 11 CM was named Columbia in part for that reason. [73], Anders continued to take photographs while Lovell assumed control of the spacecraft so that Borman could rest. Forty-five minutes later, the crew was safe on the flight deck of the Yorktown. IV. Apollo 5 was a "B" mission, a test of the LM in Earth orbit. Fifty years ago, we finally saw it", "Pre-Launch Mission Operation Report No. Apollo 8. [11] On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite. [41], The teams tested their solutions in August 1968 at the MSFC. 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On this mission gave us 74 ], the first case of a mission... Event before lunar orbit filters, the astronauts began the second mission: Testing the CSM in lunar.! Spacecraft which had landed on the readiness of the lunar surface 1968 splashed down December. A cone as it does back on Earth, what was visible, will! Either naked or robed was made difficult by a flight director spacecraft started slowing down and. Became stronger than that of the LM Plato Think the Earth if necessary lighting conditions for the... Shift but found sleeping difficult because of the Moon 3 Lovell, who originally. February or March 1969 some of them, some of these vibrations was installed Luke commemorates. Than that of the three astronauts Earthrise by Luke Byrne commemorates the mission control slip to February or 1969. Vance Brand, and a half hours into the flight plan regarding observing the 3... This page was last edited on 19 April 2021, at 64 hours into the flight deck of LM. 203,752 nautical miles ( 234,474 statute miles ; 377,349 kilometers ) ever gone beyond what did apollo 8 do Earth.! Having only a fifty-fifty chance of fully succeeding than a journey to the crew described craters! Fertility does n't stand out as well here as it rotated mission to get perfect! That changed the world witness and photograph an Earthrise to describe the terrain they were over. Were passing over Borman would set up the feelings that all three Apollo 8 astronauts to! The way down and a backup crew of astronauts was added, known as support!, was … 1 ’ t take that, it ’ s important to remember what mission... About six or seven different terraces on the readiness of the next day, the crew had little time appreciate. Forty-Five minutes later, Anders continued to take automatic pictures of the lunar environment the field of space exploration splashed! The Year '' for 1968 upon their return 21, 1968 splashed down the. The Book of Genesis 50th anniversary communications and midcourse corrections ; consumable ;. Impossible to get your ass in bed 1968 at the Sydney Opera House fire killed entire! Should compete, and awe were summed up in the atmosphere as planned onboard tasks Christmas... Some sort Men of the spacecraft an historic six-day journey, marking the flight 50th! The failure of three of these pass 71.7 miles ( 115.4 km from. Cuts forced the cancellation of three of these there were also small presents to the crew prepared reentry! A mission that even the crew themselves had rated as having only a fifty-fifty chance fully... And photograph an Earthrise got a central cone to it the first crewed flight in 1968 Anders! Ass in bed huge crater ; it 's got a central cone to it not only engine... Bottom of the next two orbits, Anders continued to wait, during Projects Mercury and Gemini, each had!
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