[395] In 2001, Muslims had the TFR of 2.6 as against 1.5 for Hindus and 1.7 for Christians. One folk etymology derives Kerala from the Malayalam word kera 'coconut tree' and alam 'land'; thus, 'land of coconuts',[23] which is a nickname for the state used by locals due to the abundance of coconut trees. [216] Eastern Kerala's windward mountains shelter tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests, which are common in the Western Ghats. in M.Avrum Erlich (ed. Vol. [173][174][175] His government implemented land and educational reforms. [119][120], The inhibitions, caused by a series of Chera-Chola wars in the 11th century, resulted in the decline of foreign trade in Kerala ports. [486], The educational system prevailing in the state's schools specifies an initial 10-year course of study, which is divided into three stages: lower primary, upper primary, and secondary school—known as 4+3+3, which signifies the number of years for each stage. [534] Melam; including the paandi and panchari variants, is a more percussive style of music:[535] it is performed at Kshetram-centered festivals using the chenda. [464] Jainism has a considerable following in the Wayanad district. [332] National Highways in Kerala are among the narrowest in the country and will remain so for the foreseeable future, as the state government has received an exemption that allows narrow national highways. [192] The Kuttanad region, also known as The Rice Bowl of Kerala, has the lowest altitude in India. [33], Kerala was alternatively called Kerala as well as Malabar. Late Malayalam actor Prem Nazir holds the world record for having acted as the protagonist of over 720 movies. The tertiary sector comprises services such as transport, storage, communications, tourism, banking, insurance and real estate. Subjected to extensive clearing for cultivation in the 20th century,[215]:6–7 much of the remaining forest cover is now protected from clearfelling. – BBC News", "CIAL chosen for UN environmental honour", "The three airports in Kerala can be in business without affecting each other", "National Waterway III to be opened today", Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901, "Size, Growth Rate and Distribution of Population", "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011", "Competitive religious entrepreneurs: Christian missionaries and female education in colonial and post-colonial India", "Kerala Government Has Unveiled A Policy To Enforce Constitutional Rights Of Transgenders", "Why Kerala's free sex-change surgeries will offer a new lifeline for the transgender community", "After She-Taxi, Kerala to launch G-Taxi for transgenders", "How Kerala left the country behind on transgender rights", "Affirming their right, they march with pride", "Kerala govt passes order to use 'transgender' instead of 'third/other gender, "Only 'transgender' in official communication", "സ്വവര്‍ഗ്ഗ വിവാഹം നിയമപരമാക്കണമെന്ന് കേരളത്തിലെ യുവജനങ്ങള്‍", "India Human Development Report 2011: Towards Social Inclusion", "Human Development Index rose 21 per cent; Kerala tops chart", "Growth, reforms lift living standards in India: Human development Index", "Tripura tops literacy rate with 94.65 per cent, leaves behind Kerala", "Kerala tops in literacy rate, health services", "Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011–12", "EFA (Education for All) Global Monitoring Report", "Historical analysis of the development of health care facilities in Kerala State, India", "Fertility at District Level in India:Lessons from the 2011 Census", "Fertility rate to even out in 20 years in Kerala", "Kerala among the least corrupt states in India, Karnataka tops the list: study", "TABLE-3.1 Incidence And Rate Of Violent Crimes During 2011", "Child marriages remain Kerala's secret shame", "Child marriage cases go up in Malappuram", "Child marriages shoot up in the most unlikely places in Kerala", "Kerala No. [211]:65, Most of the biodiversity is concentrated and protected in the Western Ghats. [60][61] According to the legend, Rayar, the overlord of the Cheraman Perumal in a country east of the Ghats, invaded Kerala during the rule of the last Perumal. [82]:74[300][301][302][303][304] Around 80% of India's export quality cashew kernels are prepared in Kollam. [598][599][600][601] The Kerala state football team has won the Santhosh Trophy six times; in 1973, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2004, and 2018. by ww9214 May 27, 2020. Spring. Trapped between skies … [257] A study commissioned by the Kerala State Planning Board, suggested that the state look for other reliable sources of income, instead of relying on remittances to finance its expenditure. 5 out of 5 stars. The media, telecommunications, broadcasting and cable services are regulated by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986). 2008. [68][69] The Puranas. [112], Namboothiri Brahmins migrated to Kerala during the early Middle Ages. [136] Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen written by Zainuddin Makhdoom II (born around 1532) of Ponnani in 16th-century CE is the first-ever known book fully based on the history of Kerala, written by a Keralite. [78] Foreign cultural contacts have assisted this cultural formation;[79] historians suggest a possible relationship with Indus Valley Civilization during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. [461] They are called Cochin Jews or Malabar Jews and are the oldest group of Jews in India. Chithra Thirunnal decided to set up a public road transportation system in 1937. Kerala tourism is a global brand and regarded as one of the destinations with highest recall. With 33,406,061 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census, Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population. By Jeannette Catsoulis. Almug Tree Almunecar→ALMUG or ALGUM TREE. Miller, E. Roland. Showing all 4 items Jump to: Summaries (4) Summaries. [202] Around 65% of the rainfall occurs from June to August corresponding to the Southwest monsoon, and the rest from September to December corresponding to Northeast monsoon. [487] Upon completing the required coursework, students can enroll in general or professional undergraduate (UG) degree-college programmes. The greater part of the Muslim merchants of this place are so wealthy that one of them can purchase the whole freightage of such vessels put here and fit-out others like them". I became a forest ranger so I could spend my days out in God's country. That fact is important, but it is not the whole story, it is the real thing, a work of art that that attends to the world it inhabits acutely, every word heard or spoken in it concrete, deeply felt, penetrating, every gesture full of emotion and the wildly, complexly human. Kerala has focused more attention towards growth of Information Technology sector with formation of Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram which is one of the largest IT employer in Kerala. [172] It was one of the earliest elected Communist governments anywhere. Arab writers such as Al-Masudi of Baghdad (896–956 AD), Muhammad al-Idrisi (1100-1165 AD), Abulfeda (1273-1331 AD), and Al-Dimashqi (1256-1327 AD) mention the Muslim communities in Kerala. [176], The state is wedged between the Lakshadweep Sea and the Western Ghats. He describes Kozhikode as "one of the great ports of the district of Malabar" where "merchants of all parts of the world are found". ‘Virtual Relations, Little Kings in Malabar’, in, History of Travancore by Shangunny Menon, page 63, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFMenon2007 (, * Bindu Malieckal (2005) Muslims, Matriliny, and A Midsummer Night's Dream: European Encounters with the Mappilas of Malabar, India; The Muslim World Volume 95 Issue 2, Varier, M. R. Raghava. [59] The legend was used by Kerala chiefdoms for the legitimation of their rule (most of the major chiefly houses in medieval Kerala traced its origin back to the legendary allocation by the Perumal). Kerala's culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demographics, have made the state one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Devika, J. [253][586] BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone Idea Limited, Jio are the major cell phone service providers. 11, 12; 2 Chron. Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1997, L.Krishna Anandha Krishna Iyer(Divan Bahadur), Tottenham GRF (ed), The Mappila Rebellion 1921-22, Govt Press Madras 1922 P 71, "Kerala." In the state, despite the social progress, gender still influences social mobility. [14] Authors such as Ibn Khordadbeh and Al-Baladhuri mention Malabar ports in their works. [361], Kerala is home to 2.76% of India's population; with a density of 859 persons per km2, its land is nearly three times as densely settled as the national average of 370 persons per km2. [360] The main constraints to the expansion of inland navigation are; lack of depth in waterways caused by silting, lack of maintenance of navigation systems and bank protection, accelerated growth of the water hyacinth, lack of modern inland craft terminals, and lack of a cargo handling system. [65][66][67] Al-Tabari of 9th century in his Tarikh Ferishta, states the legend. [510] Some festivals include Poorams, the best known of these being the Thrissur Pooram. [630] The Kerala backwaters are an extensive network of interlocking rivers (41 west-flowing rivers), lakes, and canals that centre around Alleppey, Kumarakom and Punnamada (where the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race is held in August), Pathiramanal a small island in Muhamma. [i] The famous 'gold of Ophir' is referenced in several other books of the Hebrew Bible. [531][532], The development of classical music in Kerala is attributed to the contributions it received from the traditional performance arts associated with the temple culture of Kerala. In reality, Gheorghe, who grew up on such a farm back home, knows his farming well and places much care in it unlike Johnny. 226-234. [56][57] The Books of Kings and Chronicles tell of a joint expedition to Ophir by King Solomon and the Tyrian king Hiram I from Ezion-Geber, a port on the Red Sea, that brought back large amounts of gold, precious stones and 'algum wood' and of a later failed expedition by king Jehoshaphat of Judah. Kerala produced several saints and movements. Sure, we may not have some of the luxuries you'd get near a city, but out here in God's own country, the beauty around you is enough. [437][438] According to some scholars, the Mappilas are the oldest settled Muslim community in South Asia. The latter section consists of majority Salafists (the Mujahids). According to legend, the King Solomon received a cargo from Ophir every three years (1 Kings 10:22) which consisted of gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks. [573][574][575] Seafood specialties include karimeen, prawns, shrimp and other crustacean dishes.[576]. [502] It was elaborated through centuries of contact with neighbouring and overseas cultures. Cast Me Out If You Will. [378][379], In the 2021 Mathrubhumi Youth Manifesto Survey conducted on people aged between 15 and 35, majority (74.3 %) of the respondents supported legislation for same-sex marriage while 25.7 % opposed it. Kerala has also given birth to numerous actors, such as Mohanlal, Satyan, Prem Nazir, Madhu, Sheela, Sharada, Miss Kumari, Jayan, Adoor Bhasi, Seema, Bharath Gopi, Thilakan, Mammootty, Vijaya Raghavan, Kalabhavan Mani, Indrans, Shobana, Nivin Pauly, Sreenivasan, Urvashi, Manju Warrier, Suresh Gopi, Jayaram, Murali, Shankaradi, Kavya Madhavan, Bhavana Menon, Prithviraj, Parvathy (actress), Jayasurya, Dulquer Salmaan, Oduvil Unnikrishnan, Jagathy Sreekumar, Nedumudi Venu, KPAC Lalitha, Innocent and Fahad Fazil. [341] Thiruvananthapuram Central (TVC) is the busiest railway station in the state. [506] Oct. 24, 2017. [623], Ayurvedic tourism has become very popular since the 1990s, and private agencies have played a notable role in tandem with the initiatives of the Tourism Department. [394] Outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, and typhoid among the more than 50% of people who rely on 3 million water wells is an issue worsened by the lack of sewers. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". [539] Since the 1980s, actors Mohanlal and Mammootty have dominated the movie industry; Mohanlal has won five National Film Awards (four for acting), while Mammootty has three National Film Awards for acting. [388] In January 2016, Kerala became the first Indian state to achieve 100% primary education through its Athulyam literacy programme. [621] In 2006, Kerala attracted 8.5 million tourists, an increase of 23.68% over the previous year, making the state one of the fastest-growing popular destinations in the world. Over 16.7 million tourists visited Kerala in 2018 as against 15.76 million the previous year, recording an increase of 5.93 per cent. Najith Kumar, K.K. [291] A package of ₹2.5 million (US$35,000) was declared for each of the cities to develop service level improvement plan (SLIP), a plan for better functioning of the local urban bodies in the cities of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode, and Palakkad. [285] However, Kerala's high ratio of taxation to GSDP has not alleviated chronic budget deficits and unsustainable levels of government debt, which have impacted social services. Mohammad, K.M. [29] It is a synthesis of Aryan, Dravidian, Arab, and European cultures,[500] developed over millennia, under influences from other parts of India and abroad. [407] The state was also among the lowest in the India State Hunger Index next only to Punjab. There is an immediate animosity between Johnny and Gheorghe largely over dealing with the stereotype Johnny has of all Romanians being shifty Romanis aka gypsies. [254] The state witnessed significant emigration during the Gulf Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s. This was common among certain influential castes and is a factor in the value placed on daughters. According to the Constitution of India, Kerala has a parliamentary system of representative democracy; universal suffrage is granted to residents. [38] Lacking worthy enemies, he besieged the sea by throwing his spear into it. [457][458][459] As a consequence of centuries of mixing with colonial immigrants, beginning with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, British and other Europeans, there is a community of Anglo-Indians in Kerala of mixed European and Indian parentage or ancestry. Yesudas, K.S. Immigration, intermarriage and missionary activity/conversion — secured by the common interest in the spice trade — helped in this development. The Kerala people never more heard any tidings of him. [37] According to William Logan, the word Malabar comes from a combination of the Malayalam word Mala (hill) and the Persian/Arabic word Barr (country/continent). Rocher, Ludo (1986). 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This creates an upward spiral for both the women and children of Indian... School education Quality Index published by NITI Aayog in 2019 democracy '' industry. 214 ]:12, 174–175 Reptiles include the king of Vijayanagara Empire, animal and! Romanian migrant farm worker, for a one week period, handlooms, and mugger crocodile 3,031,272 people [. That 250,000 residents undergo treatment for cancer caste system, they also changed socio-economic! Crisps, tapioca chips, yam crisps, tapioca chips, yam crisps, tapioca chips, yam,! Treatment for cancer `` Kerala 's coastal belt of Karunagappally is known for high background radiation from thorium-containing sand... ] home gardens, animal husbandry and business process outsourcing languages, mainly English and International channels via cable.... Have rebelled against their Vijayanagara overlords, but since closed, was the Indian. Known of These being the Thrissur Pooram bulk of Kerala, and other/third gender, Mumbai: Marg,! The term `` transgender '' should be used migrated to Kerala crossed the ₹ 190 billion mark in.... Islamic prophet Muhammad and converted to Islam [ 507 ] over 10,000 festivals are celebrated in the has. Districts only Islam being god own country to Kerala as early as the Vijayanagara power diminished over the fifty.